A literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A literature review - Research Paper Example In this essay, the implications of the theory with respect to person, health, nursing and environment will be discussed through review of a peer review article "A comparative analysis of Orem's self-care model and Peplau's interpersonal theory". As a nursing theorist and educator, Dorothea's first book came out in the year 1959 as a government publication and it was called "Guides for Developing Curricula for the Education of Practical Nurses." Dorothea then went on to receive a Doctorate on her theory from the Georgetown University. The book, "Nursing Concepts of Practice" was published in the year 1971 (Comley, 1994). From then on, series of the theory were being published, the last edition being in 1999. The Orem's self-care model of Nursing incorporates 3 subtheories: self-care deficit, self-care and nursing systems (Comley, 1994). According to the self-care deficit subtheory, "individuals may experience self-care limitations related to their health state and may benefit from nur sing provision of this care or augmentation of their own self-care efforts" (Comley, 1994) The theory considers care of one-self and that of dependents as a type of learned behavior which causes regulation of the structural integrity, development and functioning of the humans. The nursing system ensues at that point of time when the nurse intervenes with the patient either to prescribe medication or to provide care that is intended to take care of self-care deficit and regulate his or her own capabilities of self-care (Orem, 1985; cited in Comley, 1994). Dorothea Orem considered all human beings as basically biopsychosocial beings with capabilities and willingness to take care of themselves and also be dependent on others. It is through these capabilities that human beings live and maintain health. The ultimate aim of these capabilities is to meet 3 groups of needs, which are known as 'self-care requisites' and they are universal, developmental and health deviation (Orem, 1985; cite d in Comley, 1994 ). The requisites of universal self-care mainly address needs which are necessary for physiological and functional aspects of a human being and include maintenance of food, shelter, air, water, rest, solitude, activity, rest, interaction in a social perspective, prevention of hazards and facilitate various functions of the human being (Comley, 1994 ). On the other hands requisites pertaining to developmental aspects are those which are essential to sustain through the life cycle of human beings and include environmental and other conditions which facilitate growth and development. The last requisite, the health deviation self care needs mainly addresses the rise in demands which ensue following experience of illness or disease (Orem, 1985, cited in Comley,

Nick DB 2 His Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nick DB 2 His - Assignment Example One of the schools is Pythagoreanism which offered a solution to overcoming basic problems in mathematics, Sophism relates to a form of philosophy that was devoted to the teaching of the nobility and the key statesmen. The Platonism school of thought came up with the theory of forms that offered explanations transcendent and archetypes. The Stoicism school of thought which was developed by Zeno of Citium offered an explanation on the goal of life as being in line with nature. This school of thought has been applied in a number of circumstances as it advocates for the development of self-control as a means of overcoming destructive emotions that arises due to life challenges. The earlier Greeks majored on the philosophy as it offered a means through which people could steady themselves during the Hellenistic period. The period saw the emergence new group of philosophers who had different approaches from Plato and Aristotle. The philosophies that were developed at the time were easily learned and portable so that they could assist people with the fortunes and misfortunes that marked their everyday

Shakespeares Othello - The Character of Iago :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Character of Iago in Othello  Ã‚      One of the most intriguing characters in the tragic play "Othello," by William Shakespeare, is Othello's "friend" Iago. At first glance, Iago seems to have no motive for the destruction he is causing. However, despite Iago's unquestionable malignancy, the motivation behind his actions lie more in Iago's quest for personal gain, as opposed to just being evil for evil's sake. In order to achieve his personal gain Iago manipulates Rodrigo, Cassio and, most importantly, Othello. Iago's main interest is the destruction of Othello. The reason being that Othello has chosen another man, Cassio, as his second-in-command, preferring him to Iago. This resentment, accompanied by Iago's fabricated accusations of adultery and his blatant racism, cause Iago to despise Othello, and shortly thereafter, begin to conspire against him. Instead of just killing Othello, Iago proceeds to attack him emotionally. Iago begins to manipulate the people around him in order to hurt Othello and make him think that his wife, Desdimona, and Cassio are having an affair. The first to fall victim to Iago's manipulation, is Rodrigo. Iago knows Rodrigo has feelings Desdemona, and would do anything to make her his own. Iago tells Rodrigo that the only way to win Desdemona's love, is to make money to procure gifts for her. "...put money in thy purse.." (Act 1, Scene 3, Line 339). However, Iago is just taking those gifts intended for Desdemona and keeping them for himself, and in doing so, making a substantial profit. "Thus do I ever make my fool my purse" (Act 1, Scene 3, Line 376). Rodrigo eventually starts to question Iago's honesty. When faced with this accusation, Iago simply offers that killing Cassio will aid his cause and the gullible Rodrigo falls for it. "I have no great devotion to the deed and yet he has given me satisfying reason," (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 8). In doing this, Iago keeps Rodrigo in the dark and continues to profit from him monetarily. Cassio, like Rodrigo, follows Iago blindly, thinking the whole time that Iago is trying to aid him , when in-fact, Iago, motivated by his lust for power, is attempting to depose Cassio of his position as lieutenant. Iago does this by getting Cassio drunk and causing him to get in a fight and disturb Othello, Othello then demotes Cassio of his rank as second-in-command thus securing the position for Iago.

Gender Roles and relationships within families Essay

Gender Roles and relationships within families. Different sociologists have had different views to whether conjugal roles have become equal. Researchers have measured different aspects of equality in conjugal roles. Some have focused on the division of labour in the home. They have examined the allocation of responsibility for housework between husband and wife and the amount of time spent by spouses on particular tasks. Others have tried to measure the distribution of power within marriage. Willmott and Young, and Gillian Dunne are amongst those who have argued that conjugal roles are equal. However many sociologists such as Ann Oakley, have carried out research into the area of conjugal roles and have found little evidence that couples share equal division of domestic tasks. Willmott and Young tend to agree that conjugal roles have become more equal. During the 70’s they announced the arrival of the symmetrical family, a family where husbands and wives were similar in their roles. In the home the couple ‘shared their work and shared their time’. Husbands were thought to be helping with the housework, childcare and decision making more often. Willmott and Young discovered that 72% of husbands helped with these household tasks. They thought that the change from separate to joint roles resulted mainly from the withdrawal of the wife from her relationships with female kin, and the drawing of the husband into the family circle. Ann Oakley is one sociologist who criticises this view of Willmott and Young. In 1974 Oakley pointed out that included in this 72% figure were husbands who did very little, only had to perform one household chore a week. During the 1970’s she collected information on 40 married women who had one child or more under the age of 5 and were themselves aged between 20 and 30. Half of her sample was working class and half was middle class. She found greater equality for domestic tasks in the middle class than in the working class. However in both classes few men had a high level of participation in housework and childcare. She found that most wives saw these jobs as their own responsibility, where only 15% of men in marriages participated in them at a high level. Sociologists such as Ann Oakley have argued that women have increasingly been taking on a dual burden: they have retained primary responsibility for household tasks while also being expected to have paid employment. Jonathan Gershuny agrees with Ann Oakley and disagrees with the statement that conjugal roles have become equal. He points out that dual burden could lead to increased inequality between husbands and wives as a rising proportion of women suffer from it. He believes that dual burden is a result of lagged adaptation where there is a time lag between women taking up paid employment and men adapting to this by increasing their contribution to domestic labour. In 1992 Gershuny studied the changes in hours worked by men and women over time, analysing data from 1974/5 to 1987. It showed a gradual increase in the amount of domestic labour performed by men. This increase was greatest when wives were in full-time employment. Husbands whose wives worked full time doubled the amount of time they spent cooking and cleaning. Gershuny concluded that though women still bear the main burden of domestic labour, there is a gradual trend towards greater equality. However it is still a long way off from becoming equal. In conclusion from the evidence presented it is clear that there is little support to Willmott and Young’s study that conjugal roles have become equal. Gillian Dunne however suggests that household tasks and childcare in single sex relationships have become equal, but haven’t in heterosexual relationships. There is though a trend towards greater equality. Gershuny’s research into childcare all suggests this trend. Therefore it appears that conjugal roles have not become equal, but evidence shows they are becoming more equal.

English Language Teaching Methods - 3829 Words

Introduction According to Definitions.net, teaching method is defined as the principles and methods of instruction. Whereas, according to Claudine Kirsch in her book ‘Teaching Foreign Languages in the Primary School’, language teaching method is a comprehensive approach that helps teachers to decide what language skill(s) to develop, what activities and resources to choose and how to plan for progression. However, teaching method often confused with teaching approach. According to Differencebetween.com, method means a process while approach is an act of coming near as in the sense of ‘a way of dealing with a person or a thing’. Generally, teaching method is about how you conduct a class and teaching approach is the way you conduct the†¦show more content†¦It is important for the teacher take fair participation during this stage since it will create familiarity and confidence with the new language for the learners. This is because, if the teacher abs olutely flunks out from the practice, the learners might do mistakes and there is no one to correct them. Hence, as the stage built the learners’ confident to speak in the language, the might tend to repeat the same mistake over again. Therefore, the teacher play important role to direct and to correct during this this stage, still. Example of activity: I would use split sentences as a controlled practice activity. I give students lots of sentence halves and in pairs they try and match the beginnings and ends of the sentences. †¦we won’t be able to play soccer. If I won the lottery,†¦ E.g. Match the first sentence with its possible half. †¦I’d travel around the world. If I am beautiful,†¦ †¦I think every boy will like me. If it rains,†¦ Source: Teaching English: Planning a Grammar Lesson by Tanya Cotter At this stage, the lesson should have been more learner-centered. Step 3: Production This final stage also known as ‘free practice’ stage. According to PPP for Dummies, this stage is seen as the culmination of the language learning process, whereby the learners have started to become independent users of the language rather than students of the language. The teacher may give the learners communication task as a role playShow MoreRelatedTeaching Methods Based On Teaching English Language Learners4053 Words   |  17 Pagesthe Winn Parish School Board the teaching method that would be the most effective for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs). I analyzed two available solutions: the scaffolding teaching method and the differentiated instruction teaching method. I evaluated both teaching methods based on the flexibility in regards to allowing students’ needs to be met, ease of implementation of each teaching strategy into the classroom, and effectiveness of how of each method helps the students learn and completeRead MoreThe Audio Lingual Method For Teaching English Language Learners1508 Words   |  7 Pages A variety of researched methods for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs) exist and most of them tend to claim communicative language use as their main goal, but this goal is not clearly evident in every method t hat claims it due in part to differences that arise from linguistic focuses versus psychological viewpoints. Of the various methods we have studied, the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), Community Language Learning (CLL), and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) are noteworthy for the similaritiesRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language1620 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Language acquisition is an important process in every person’s life. As the world becomes more interconnected, there is increasing need for humanity to communicate with each other. According to Chang (2011), language is the avenue through which information is shared. The question of â€Å"which language† has baffled the academic community over time and across space. In the final analysis, it appears that the language that most people in the world should speak actually has political connotationsRead MoreEnglish Language Vs. Foreign Countries Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages[Date] English Language Education in Japanese Schools Introduction Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learners’ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English languageRead MoreEffective Instruction For English Learners1414 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Instruction for English Learners Calderon, Slavin and Sanchez (2011) in their article â€Å"Effective Instruction for English Learners† consider the problem of students who are non English speakers and come to live in the USA for several reasons such as immigrants. The U.S government requires every school that has more than 5 percent non-English speakers to provide these with specialized programs. The authors go to explain useful instructions for teaching students English Language. They also reviewRead MorePersonal Statement : Teaching And Nutrition Essay927 Words   |  4 Pages I am applying for the programmes relating to teaching and nutrition because I see positively my career in the education sector. I have been studying nutrition in community context and I take an interest in studying diet journals that analyse the sports nutrition. My passion for the sport nutrition and the low fat ‘methodology’ of food preparation is vital. My undergraduate course gave me a great satisfaction to learn the healthy lifestyle form a holistic perspective. I have also chosenRead MoreMy Reflection On My Ethnographic Study1153 Words   |  5 Pages For my ethnographic study I chose to interview my schoolmate about her language learning experiences which relate to her culture. The main focuses of this ethnographic study are to enhance the teaching quality and facilitate positive curriculum development through the interview. Last week I had an opportunity to interview a schoolmate of mine, a doctoral degree student who studies in TESOL program at Alliant International University. The name of my schoolmate called April and she is aRead MoreThe Use Of Technology For Teaching1374 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The use of technology for teaching has become an integral part of successful learning and teaching languages in many parts of the world† (Abukhattala 262). Despite natural human capability to learn a native language, it is immensely difficult to obtain fluency in a second language. For this reason, countries around the world have started utilizing technology to facilitate learning. For children in Libya, English is viewed as a prerequisite to being successful in both career and personal life. TechnologyRead MoreLetter Sample Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pages I am writing to express my interest in the full-time position of ESL and TESL Teaching Assistant Professor in the Department of Lingui stics. I am currently a doctoral candidate at Ohio State University (OSU) in Columbus with a specialization in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) and an additional interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology. I completed my dissertation oral defend in June and will officially graduate in this early AugustRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused on

The Constitution Of The United States Is Considered To

The Constitution of the United States is considered to be the supreme law of the land. While this is an accepted truth by most American citizens, the United States government employs a system of dual federalism in which individual states have their own constitutions. While both the individual state constitutions and the United States Constitution are similar in some aspects, they differ sharply other parts. Likely the most striking distinction between the two is when comparing the length of both. State constitutions are inherently longer than the United States Constitution for several reasons such as states engaging in â€Å"constitutional legislation,† the plenary power of state legislations, and the federal Constitution being considered†¦show more content†¦Building on the example of the appointment process of a federal judge or Supreme Court Justice, there is a distinction between the state and federal levels in the constitutional provisions dealing with selecting Supreme Court Justices. While the appointment of a United States Supreme Court Justice is subject to the advice and consent of the Senate the process outlined in the Alabama Constitution of 1901 is drastically different. As is the case for federal Justices once they are confirmed they â€Å"shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour,† which has been interpreted as a lifetime appointment. However, the Justices of the Alabama Supreme Court are elected by the state electorate to terms of six years. Additionally, while federal Justices are appointed under non-partisan labels in the state of Alabama candidates for the various courts run under party labels. Being that the selection of Alabama state judges is a more complex process than that of the federal system, the articles dealing with the judicial branch are extremely lengthy. Another factor which adds to the extreme length of the Alabama Constitution of 1901 are the lengthy sections of â€Å"constitutional legislation.â⠂¬  This is a distinct contrast to the federal Constitution, which is purposefully general as it has no need to define the voting qualifications because it is left up toShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutional Convention Of Philadelphia Signed The United States Constitution1107 Words   |  5 PagesConstitutional Convention in Philadelphia signed the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787. 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The success can be contributed to the foundation that the farmers created, which is the United States Constitution. The framers knew that with time the needs of the people would evolve due to changes in society. That being said, they knew that the regulations in the Constitution would need to be adjusted or expandedRead MoreEssay on The First Amendment876 Words   |  4 Pages The First Amendment is the first section of the Bill of Rights and is often considered the most important part of the U.S Constitution because it guarantees the citizens of United States the essential personal freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and the freedom to petition the Government. Thanks to the rights granted by the First Amendment, Americans are able to live in a country where they can freely express themselves, speak their mind, pray with out interference, protest inRead MoreDred Scott V. Sanford Case1718 Words   |  7 PagesCourt case dealing with the status of slaves in the United States.† Britannica.com states that â€Å"Dred Scott decision, formally Dred Scott v. John F.A. Sandford, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 1857, ruled (7–2) that a slave (Dred Scott) who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States; and that the Missouri Compromise (1820), whichRead MoreBill of Rights1449 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Week 3 Constitution HIS/301 Instructor James Newman Alan L. Olsen February 11th 2012 University of Phoenix Introduction According to Article V of the United States Constitution, when two thirds vote of Congress or State Legislature’s an amendment can be passed. Amendments are ratified by providing 3/4 of the votes in the Federal or State Legislature’s. When the Constitution was designed byRead MoreA More Perfect Union Of The Revolutionary War967 Words   |  4 Pagesvote for the Constitution or clause that advance those specific interests. Delegates who would debtors, slave owners who were far away from navigable waters would not vote for the Constitution or clause that hurt their interests. The latter typically wanted to strengthen the state government, consistent with economic interpretation. From the government perspective ownership of securities had a different effect in states with and without paper money. The government wanted to stop states from issuingRead MoreUtopia Vs Constitution1039 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Thomas More’s Utopia and the United States Constituti on outline a form of government. There are similarities and differences between the two governments. Utopia, which translates to Greek for â€Å"no place†, describes an idealistic form of government where money and private property do not exist. The United States Constitution, on the other hand, illustrates a balanced government and justice system that protects and gives power to the people. Both forms of government have equal gender rightsRead MoreBehind The United States Constitution1040 Words   |  5 PagesBehind the United States Constitution Introduction The creation of the Constitution is an important and major piece of American history. Before the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation were devised to ensure the natural rights of Americans were protected. Several issues surrounded the original Articles of Confederation. The question of how to strengthen the articles seemed to be quite a struggle, until the creation of the Constitution. Not only did the Constitution create stronger guidelines

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Social Codes in...

Social Codes in Beowulf In reading Beowulf, one cannot help noticing the abundance of references to weapons and armor throughout the text. Many passages involving weapons and armor contain important messages that the author is trying to convey. These passages involve the choice to use or refrain from using arms, the practice of disarming oneself upon entering anothers home, and the idea of a mans worth being measured by his weapons. First, the theme of choosing to use, or not to use, weapons against an adversary seems to be a major issue in the work. On three different occasions, when Beowulf fights Grendel, Grendels mother, and the dragon, the choice of†¦show more content†¦But I expect here hot battle-fire, steam, and poison. Therefore, I have on me shield and mail shirt (59). A modern way of communicating the same idea would be, Dont bring a knife to a gun fight; again, the basic idea is that no one would speak ill of Beowulf because he kept the fight honorable. Another important way that weapons are connected to a display of honor in Beowulf is the idea of disarming oneself upon entering anothers home. Near the beginning of the poem in The Coming of Beowulf to Heorot, a guard tells Beowulfs troops, You may come in your wardress . . . to see Hrothgar. Let your war shields, your wooden-spears, await here the outcome of the talk. (32). It is a sign of respect to disarm oneself in another persons home, in this case, Heorot, Hrothgars mead hall. To take advantage of this moral code makes the violator that much more evil as we see when, because there are no weapons present, Grendel is able to kill and eat one of Beowulfs thanes in a surprise attack. Finally, the idea of a mans having to be worthy of his weapons appears numerous times throughout Beowulf. This is perhaps the most intricate of the ideas because interwoven in this idea are the related ideas of weapons as heirlooms, weapons as indications of a mans stature, and the surrendering of ones weapon to another for use in battle. When the poems author observes, The armed band was worthy of its weapons, he clearly illustrates the firstShow MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesthrough observation Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · novel and short stories are important prefers objective narrator dialogue includes many voices from around the country does not tell the reader how to interpret the story Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · social realism: aims to change a specific social problem aesthetic realism: art that insists on detailing the world as one sees it Historical Context: ï‚ · Civil War brings demand for a truer type of literature that does not idealize people or places Naturalism periodRead MoreSituational Analysis: 7th Grade Language Arts6569 Words   |  26 PagesSituational Analysis Grade 7th Grade Language Arts Classroom rules and routines: In this classroom, I am committed to building a cooperative learning environment that contributes to the confidence of students in sharing their ideas. This confidence is built around an understanding that the students have, that they are to respect each other and their ideas. There are multiple ethnicities represented in this classroom, therefore it is paramount that everybody respects each other and appreciates what